Xian Chen's e-portfolio
Definition of Instructional Design
Instructional design is the systematic development of instruction materials, which ensures that the instruction is effective, useful and engaging to the training audience.(Piskurich, 2015) The instructional design model and learning theory would apply to ensure the quality of instruction.
ADDIE Model
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The ADDIE model is a process traditionally used by instructional designer and training course developer. The five phases are Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. One of its advantage is its flexibility that allow to applied to both individualized and traditional instruction. However, it's a linear process and every step should be in the exact order, which make it more costly and time-consuming. One commonly accepted improvement is the use of other instructional design model, such as rapid prototyping
Analysis
The analysis phase include identify the instructional problem which means find out the needs to create the specific program. After that, we need to collect information about target audience. We should know who they are and why they need the program. Also identify the content and learning goal of the program in order to provide a better instruction to target audience. Conducting the literature review is important and helpful in this phase and this is what we called document recovery.
Design
In the design phase, we should have the learning objective, learning activities that we want to create and the instrument that appropriate to the program. Also. a flow chart can easily describe the whole design process of the program. Instructional and learning theories may apply in this phase to give support to your design procedure. Other detail information need to provide, such as the location, time and so on.
Development
In the development phase, the designer need to generate the lesson plan and lesson materials, then start to develop the program by creating storyboards, instruction content and anything you may need to include in your teaching. You may have to include hardware, software or any other media that you need for support the content development.
Implementation
The implementation phase involves delivering the instruction plan or training. We need to have the schedule of the date that is going to implement the instruction plan. After implementation, the instructional materials and activities would be evaluated by an appropriate standard (Aligned with the learning objective).
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Evaluation
During the evaluation phase, designer need to evaluate the instructional materials in order to check whether the program is success or not. We will have formative evaluation is conducted during the delivery of the instructional practice and summative evaluation occurred at the end of the practice to measure the improvement of learners by using this program.
Dick and Carey model
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Dick and Carey model is another instructional model consist of 9 steps which show on below image. This model is also known as System Approach Model. The model is developed based on ADDIE model and addresses instruction as an entire system, focusing on the interrelationship between context, content, learning and instruction. The model describes all phrases of an iterative process and provide on-going revision. It's more detailed and straight forward and the evaluation is conducted at every phase which is different from the evaluation process of ADDIE model.
References
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Piskurich, G. (2015).Rapid Instructional Design: Learning ID Fast and Right. (3rd ed.).